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Business Financials – Tax Breaks for Business – Do they encourage and stimulate business innovation and the economy?
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Published on Friday, 02 November 2018 19:38
Not according to Chris Evans (although written in 2015, it is still relevant whether tax breaks work to encourage and stimulate business innovation and the economy) - professor at the UNSW School of Taxation ＆ Business Law, in an article on Smart Company -
The Turnbull government will release its innovation statement in the next few weeks, and it’s widely expected to include tax breaks for startups. The government may abolish capital gains tax (CGT) for investments made in early stage companies, especially in the high-tech sector. The idea, promoted by Coalition backbencher David Coleman, is that those who invest in early stage private companies with an annual turnover of less than $1 million will be able to exit their investment at no tax cost.
Innovation - The creation and diffusion of new products, processes and methods - is, and will continue to be, a key driver of productivity, growth and well-being. As the OECD notes, it plays an important role in: “helping address core public policy challenges like health, the environment, food security, education, and public sector efficiency. Innovation-led productivity growth will become even more important in the future to address key challenges like ageing populations and climate change”.
Innovation clearly matters, and it matters a lot. On the surface, therefore, the idea of abolishing CGT on startup investments seems like a great idea. It would achieve the double whammy of showing the government is “doing something” to promote innovation at the same time as giving tax dollars away - always popular.
But using the tax system in an attempt to foster innovation may not be the sensible policy choice.
Tax systems are excellent at achieving the principal objective for which they are designed - raising revenue. They are often notoriously bad at achieving some of the other objectives for which they are so often used and misused, such as attempting to change the behaviour of corporate and private citizens. The tax history of the world is riddled with examples that illustrate the folly of seeking to promote one particular outcome - favour this activity rather than that one, help these taxpayers rather than those - by using parts of the tax system as an often blunt policy instrument.
A history of failure
In the 1970s and 1980s the UK had a disastrous experience when it attempted to establish something similar to the current Australian proposal - the Business Expansion Scheme (BES). The BES became a byword for some of the most blatant and aggressive tax exploitation by unscrupulous investors and their advisers. It was eventually so hedged in with anti-avoidance measures that it became virtually unworkable.
In Australia those familiar with the failure of the so-called Simplified Tax System for small businesses in the early part of this century (subsequently abandoned), or with the current malfunctioning and highly distortionary Wine Equalisation Tax, will readily attest to the perils of trying to use the tax system to achieve non-tax outcomes.
Providing a CGT break for investors in startups falls foul of the three key criteria of efficiency, equity and simplicity by which tax systems are judged.
Chris then argues the proposal will be inefficient, unfair and complex, so read it there, and goes on to suggest better alternatives –
Alternative solutions
So how can the government help to promote innovation without using the tax system?
The answer is relatively straightforward. The OECD suggests it needs to concentrate its policies on five concrete areas for action. These are:
- effective education and skills strategies;
- a sound, open and competitive business environment;
- sustained public investment in an efficient system of knowledge creation and diffusion;
- increased access and participation in the digital economy and
- sound governance and implementation.
Interestingly the OECD notes that support for business innovation should not overly rely on tax incentives. Well designed and competitive grants, access to (government) contracts and support for networks can be better suited to the needs of young and innovative firms than tax incentives.
The government should think long and hard about using yet more tax breaks to stimulate a key sector of the economy. It might also do well to look at the much vaunted success of Silicon Valley, where tax incentives are, and always have been, negligible. An innovation policy that relies too heavily on the tax system for its sustenance is unlikely to be one which can provide the sort of long-term viability and success that Australia’s innovation policy is surely capable of providing.
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